One of the first holidays or should I say traditions that I experienced upon arriving from the UK to the US was valentine’s Day. A traditional day on which lovers express their love for each other by sending Valentine’s cards, presenting flowers, or offering of chocolates. The History of Valentine’s Day.
The origins of Valentine’s Day trace back to the ancient Roman celebration of Lupercalia. Held on February 15, Lupercalia honored the gods Lupercus and Faunus, as well as the legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus.
In addition to a bountiful feast, Lupercalia festivities are purported to have included the pairing of young women and men. Men would draw women’s names from a box, and each couple would be paired until next year’s celebration.
While this pairing of couples set the tone for today’s holiday, it wasn’t called “Valentine’s Day” until a priest named Valentine came along. Valentine, a romantic at heart, disobeyed Emperor Claudius II’s decree that soldiers remain bachelors. Claudius handed down this decree believing that soldiers would be distracted and unable to concentrate on fighting if they were married or engaged. Valentine defied the emperor and secretly performed marriage ceremonies. As a result of his defiance, Valentine was put to death on February 14.
After Valentine’s death, he was named a saint. As Christianity spread through Rome, the priests moved Lupercalia from February 15 to February 14 and renamed it St. Valentine’s Day to honor Saint Valentine.
What’s Cupid Got to Do with It?
According to Roman mythology, Cupid was the son of Venus, the goddess of love and beauty. Cupid was known to cause people to fall in love by shooting them with his magical arrows. But Cupid didn’t just cause others to fall in love – he himself fell deeply in love.
As legend has it, Cupid fell in love with a mortal maiden named Psyche. Cupid married Psyche, but Venus, jealous of Psyche’s beauty, forbade her daughter-in-law to look at Cupid. Psyche, of course, couldn’t resist temptation and sneaked a peek at her handsome husband. As punishment, Venus demanded that she perform three hard tasks, the last of which caused Psyche’s death.
Cupid brought Psyche back to life and the gods, moved by their love, granted Psyche immortality. Cupid thus represents the heart and Psyche the (struggles of the) human soul.
バレンタインの慣習
イギリスやアメリカから伝わってきた慣習のひとつに、バレンタインがあります。ご存知のように、愛を伝える日として、恋人たちがお互いにバレンタイン・カードや、花束、チョコレートなどを贈ります。バレンタインの歴史とは?
バレンタインの起源は古代ローマ時代Lupercalia(多産・豊穣の神)を祭る日に由来しています。2月15日は、LupercaliaがLupercusとFaunusという神(古代ローマでオオカミを追い出してくれる伝説の神)に敬意を表して祀る日とされていました。この豊穣のお祭りの日に、ある行事がありました。この日は男性が壺の中から女性の名前が書かれた紙を引いて、そこで選ばれた女性が翌年のお祭りの日までその男性の恋人となるのです。
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